| 杨忠文,郭 萧,徐正会,张新民,史胜利,陈龙官.大理苍山及邻近地区蚂蚁物种分布格局研究[J].林业调查规划,2025,50(3):113-120 |
| 大理苍山及邻近地区蚂蚁物种分布格局研究 |
| Distribution Patterns of Ant Species in Cangshan Mountain ofDali and Its Adjacent Areas |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 蚂蚁物种 分布格局 栖息生境 觅食场所 筑巢场所 |
| 英文关键词: ant species distribution pattern habitat foraging site nesting site |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金委员会应急管理项目(31750002);国家自然科学基金项目(31860615,32060122,31760633). |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为揭示大理苍山及邻近地区蚂蚁物种分布规律,采用样地调查法和采获频数法研究该地区蚂
蚁物种分布格局。结果表明,在4 个垂直带21 块样地中采集到蚁科物种4 亚科22 属41 种,切叶蚁亚科的属、种最丰富;喜马毛蚁、丝光蚁、尖毛拟立毛蚁、秋切胸蚁4 个物种的水平分布范围最广;喜马毛蚁和上海大头蚁是垂直分布高差最大的物种;喜马毛蚁和皱纹红蚁这2 个物种的栖息生境最丰富。大多数蚂蚁物种在土壤和地表活动,在土壤觅食的有33 种,在地表觅食的有31 种,在树
冠上觅食的有7 种;在土壤筑巢的有20 种,在地表筑巢的有5 种。不同蚂蚁物种的分布格局不尽相同,对环境的依赖性差异明显。大多数物种的水平和垂直分布范围有限,栖息生境单一,对环境
表现出强烈的依赖性,表明蚂蚁对环境变化敏感,迁徙性较弱,易受自然地理屏障的阻隔。受物种
适应能力、海拔、气候、植被类型和丰富度影响,该地区多数蚂蚁物种生态适应性较弱,建议加大对
该地区的生态建设和保护机制,强化对狭域物种的保护。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To reveal the distribution patterns of ant species in Cangshan Mountain of Dali and its adjacent
areas, plot sampling and collection frequency methods were employed. The results showed that a total of
41 species belonging to 22 genera and 4 subfamilies of Formicidae were collected from 21 plots across four
vertical zones. The subfamily Myrmicinae exhibited the highest diversity in terms of genera and species. Four species—Lasius himalayanus Bingham, Formica fusca Linnaeus, Paraparatrechina aseta (Forel)
and Temnothorax qiu Qian & Xu—had the widest horizontal distribution, while Lasius himalayanus Bingham
and Pheidole zoceana Santschi displayed the greatest vertical distribution range. Lasius himalayanus
Bingham and Myrmica rugosa Mayr were found in the most diverse habitats. Most ant species were active
on the ground and in the soil, with 33 species foraging in soil, 31 on the ground surface, and 7 in the
canopy. Additionally, 20 species nested in soil, while 5 nested on the ground surface. The distribution
patterns of different ant species varied significantly, reflecting distinct environmental dependencies. Most
species had limited horizontal and vertical distribution ranges and occupied narrow habitats, indicating
high environmental sensitivity, weak migratory capacity, and susceptibility to natural geographic barriers.
Influenced by species adaptability, altitude, climate, vegetation type, and richness, most ant species in
this region exhibited weak ecological adaptability. It is recommended to strengthen ecological conservation
mechanisms in the area, with particular emphasis on protecting narrowly distributed species. |
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