| 王冬梅,李福秀,冯丽娜,杨美荣,苏嗣杰.不同核桃种质资源物候观察分析[J].林业调查规划,2025,50(5):29-36 |
| 不同核桃种质资源物候观察分析 |
| Phenological Observation of Different Walnut Germplasm Resources |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 核桃 种质资源 物候观察 花期 授粉树 |
| 英文关键词: walnut germplasm resources phenological observation flowering period pollinizer |
| 基金项目:云南省永平县核桃产业科技特派团(202204BI090014). |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为掌握不同核桃资源在大理的物候变化规律,对26个核桃资源进行了为期1年的物候观察。
结果表明,大理地区26个核桃资源于2—3 月萌芽,3 月进入展叶期,3—4 月雌雄花开放,8—10 月
果实成熟,10—11 月落叶。供试核桃资源果实成熟期极差最大,普通核桃及其杂交品种成熟期早于深纹核桃,品种‘云南薄壳山核桃’物候期则明显晚于其他品种;雄花期极差最小,说明在大理地
区不同核桃品种的雄花开放时间较为集中。26 份资源均为雄先型,品种‘云南薄壳山核桃’ 雌、雄
花期部分相遇,相遇天数为14 d,可考虑进行自花授粉;深纹核桃中,品种‘三台核桃’、‘小圆果’、
‘细皮核桃’、‘大尖嘴’、‘四方果’可考虑配置为品种‘大泡核桃’、‘小泡核桃’、‘圆菠萝’、‘大木瓜核
桃’的授粉树;普通核桃中,品种‘扎343’和‘新新2 号’可考虑配置为品种‘新萃丰’的授粉树。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To understand the phenological patterns of different walnut resources in Dali, a one-year observation
of phenological stages was conducted on 26 walnut resources. The results showed that the 26
walnut resources in Dali germinated from February to March, entered the leaf expansion stage in March,
bloomed with both female and male flowers from March to April, bore mature fruits from August to October,
and shed leaves from October to November. The maturity period of the tested walnut resources exhibited
the greatest range of variation. Common walnuts and their hybrid varieties matured earlier than
Juglans sigillata, while the phenology of ‘Yunnan Thin-Shelled Walnut’ was significantly later than that
of other varieties. The male flowering period had the smallest range, indicating that the male flowering
time of different walnut varieties in Dali was relatively concentrated. All 26 resources were protandrous.
The female and male flowering periods of ‘Yunnan Thin-Shelled Walnut’ partially overlapped, with an overlap
duration of 14 days, suggesting the possibility of self-pollination. Among Juglans sigillata varieties,‘Santai Walnut’,‘Xiaoyuanguo’,‘Xipi Walnut’,‘Dajianzui’, and‘Sifangguo’could be considered as
pollinizers for‘Dapao Walnut’,‘Xiaopao Walnut’,‘Yuanboluo’, and‘Damugua Walnut’. Among
common walnuts,varieties‘Zha 343’and‘Xinxin 2’ could be considered as pollinizers for ‘Xincuifeng’. |
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