| 毛娅南,岩 光,王 迦,王利繁.西双版纳3个亚洲象食源地建设成效比较[J].林业调查规划,2026,51(3):105-110 |
| 西双版纳3个亚洲象食源地建设成效比较 |
| Comparison of Construction Effectiveness of Three Asian Elephant Food Source Areas in Xishuangbanna |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 亚洲象 食源地 栖息地改造 烧除 红外相机监测 |
| 英文关键词: Asian elephant food source area habitat transformation burn-off infrared camera |
| 基金项目:2020年第二批中央财政林业改革发展资金项目;云南西双版纳国家级自然保护区亚洲象栖息地修复及食源地建设项目 . |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为更好地保护国家一级保护野生动物亚洲象,缓解人象冲突,西双版纳国家级自然保护区于2020—2021年实施了栖息地修复与食源地建设工程,在小田坝、莲花塘与冷山河3个区域种植亚洲象喜食植物,并配套人工硝塘与监测系统。通过监测植物成活率、物种丰富度、象群利用频率等指标,对3个食源地建设效果进行系统比较。食源地冷山河成效最佳,食源植物成活率和采食率显著优于其他食源地,亚洲象利用频次高,莲花塘次之,小田坝成效不明显。造成差异的主要原因可能包括是否有前期建设基础、林冠层与草本层改造强度、种植食源植物的种类与株数、是否建设人工硝塘,与象群迁移路线、人类居住区的空间关系,以及调查监测时间等。小果野蕉、粽叶芦、象草作为食源植物采食率较高,亚洲象不喜食构树和对叶榕,其成活率低。提出在后续建设中选址尽量远离人类活动干扰、优化植物配置、提升旱季食物比例、加强长期监测与社区共管等建议,以期实现亚洲象保护与社区发展的双赢。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to better protect the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), a national first-class protected animal, and alleviate conflicts between humans and elephants, the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve implemented a habitat restoration and food source construction project from 2020 to 2021. Plants preferred by Asian elephants were planted in three areas: Xiaotianba, Lianhuatang, and Lengshanhe, accompanied by artificial salt lick and monitoring systems. The effects of the construction of the three food sources were systematically compared through indicators such as plant survival rate, species richness, and utilization frequency of elephant herds. The Lengshanhe area showed the best results, with high utilization frequency of Asian elephants, significantly higher survival rate and consumption rate of food plants
compared to other areas; the Lianhuatang area came next while the Xiaotianba area showed no significant results. The main reasons for the differences may include the prior foundation for construction, the transformation intensity of the canopy and herbaceous layers, the types and numbers of edible plants planted, the presence of artificial mineral licks, the spatial relationship with migration routes of elephant populations and human settlements, as well as the time of investigation and monitoring. Musa acuminata, Thysanolaena latifolia, and Pennisetum purpureum had higher consumption rate as food source plants, while Broussonetia papyrifera and Ficus hispida had the low palatability for elephants and poor survival rates. The study recommends that site selection should be kept away from human activities as much as possible, optimizing plant configuration, increasing the proportion of dry season food, strengthening long-term monitoring and community co-management in subsequent construction, in order to achieve a win-win situation for Asian elephant conservation and community development. |
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